Choosing the Best Nutrition for Pomeranian-Chihuahua Mixes

Healthy food options for Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes

Intro

Choosing the right food for your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix is quite the journey. This tiny hybrid brings together the spunky personality of the Chihuahua and the fluffy charm of the Pomeranian. With such a unique genetic blend, their dietary needs deserve special attention.

Right off the bat, it’s important to recognize that these dogs are small in size but big in character. Their energetic nature and specific health concerns mean selecting a diet that aligns with their lifestyle and potential vulnerabilities. Think about it this way: feeding a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix is like fine-tuning a musical instrument; get it just right, and the harmony shines, but if it’s off, the result can be a bit clashing.

While vaccines and regular check-ups are vital, nutrition is a crucial piece of the puzzle. It affects everything from their coat luster to their energy levels. In this article, we will explore various aspects of their dietary needs, whether you opt for commercial dog food or consider whipping up homemade meals. By the end, you’ll feel equipped to choose the best nutrition for your furry companion, keeping their health and happiness at the forefront.

Understanding Pomeranian-Chihuahua Mixes

Navigating the world of pet ownership starts with a solid understanding of the breed. For owners or those considering adding a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix to their family, it is essential to grasp the nuances of these delightful dogs. As their unique genetic makeup combines the sprightly nature of the Pomeranian and the spunky spirit of the Chihuahua, these mixes do not just exhibit physical traits inherited from their parents. They also embody a range of behaviors, health considerations, and dietary needs that deserve keen attention.

Knowing the characteristics of Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes becomes the cornerstone for selecting the best nutrition for them.

Defining the Breeds

The Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix, often affectionately referred to as the Pomchi, is a blend of two distinct breeds. The Pomeranian is a small dog known for its fluffy coat and lively demeanor. They typically weigh around five to seven pounds and are often described as intelligent and affectionate. On the other hand, the Chihuahua, slightly smaller, averaging three to six pounds, is famously bold and sometimes a bit feisty. This combination not only results in a delightful companion but one with a range of health and personality dimensions that vary widely.

When selecting nutrition for a Pomchi, it’s crucial to understand not just the breeds themselves, but what makes their union special. The aspects of their genetics can give insights into potential health issues, guiding decisions from food selection to portion sizes.

Physical Characteristics

The physical appearance of a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix can vary quite a bit, influenced by both parent breeds. Generally, these dogs feature a compact and sturdy body. Some may inherit the fluffy coat of a Pomeranian, while others might have the sleeker fur characteristic of Chihuahuas. Colors can range widely, from the vibrant oranges and blacks of Pomeranians to the diverse hues found in Chihuahuas.

Regular grooming becomes a part of care due to these varied coats. Despite their small size, Pomchis possess a commendable energy level, which means their body condition must be monitored closely. It's essential to seek food that caters to their energy needs, as excess weight can quickly lead to health issues down the line.

Behavioral Traits

Behaviorally speaking, Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes tend to inherit a delightful blend of characteristics from both parent breeds. Pomeranians are generally known for their friendliness and curiosity, while Chihuahuas can be quite territorial and exceptionally loyal to their owners. The result? A small dog that is often spirited and sociable yet can display moments of protective behavior.

Understanding these behavioral traits is vital when considering nutrition and feeding habits. A Pomchi that is energetic and playful may require a diet that supports an active lifestyle.

Nutritional choices should always take into account the personality traits of the dog, as they can significantly influence overall health and well-being.

A detailed understanding of these behaviors is indispensable not only in selecting food but also in shaping an overall care plan for a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix. With the right insights, any owner can foster a healthy and happy life for their canine companion.

Nutritional Needs of Small Breeds

When considering a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix, understanding their nutritional needs is critical to ensuring their health and well-being. Small breeds like this unique mix have distinct dietary requirements that differ from larger dogs. They often have faster metabolisms and are prone to specific health issues, making the right balance of nutrients imperative. An appropriate diet not only manages their weight but also supports their overall health and energy levels. By tailoring their nutrition, owners can help prevent common health problems associated with small breeds, which is a vital part of responsible pet ownership.

Caloric Requirements

For small dogs, calorie intake significantly influences their energy levels and body condition. Typically, a healthy adult Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix needs approximately 30 to 40 calories per pound of body weight daily. For instance, a pup weighing 10 pounds would require roughly 300 to 400 calories a day. These requirements can vary based on age, activity level, and overall health. It's essential to adjust their caloric intake as they grow or shift in activity, ensuring they maintain a healthy weight.

Essential Nutrients

Small breed dogs require a specific balance of nutrients to thrive. This includes proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, all of which play pivotal roles in maintaining their health.

Proteins

At the core of canine nutrition, proteins are fundamental for growth, maintenance of body tissues, and overall functioning. They aid in muscle development and recovery, essential for an active breed like the Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix. High-quality protein sources like chicken, turkey, and fish are particularly beneficial. Dogs love the taste, and it helps with building lean muscle, thus avoiding obesity. However, be cautious as too much protein can lead to stress on their kidneys over time.

Fats

Fats are also crucial in a dog’s diet. They provide a concentrated source of energy and support skin and coat health. Healthy fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil, can help to promote a shiny coat and healthy skin. These fatty acids also have anti-inflammatory properties which can assist with joint health, particularly important for small breeds susceptible to hip issues. That said, too many fats can lead to obesity, so it's about striking the right balance.

Carbohydrates

While dogs don't strictly need carbohydrates, they can be an important energy source. Carbohydrates from sources like sweet potatoes and brown rice provide fiberessential for digestion. These carbs can help in feeling full, which is beneficial in controlling weight. However, high grains can sometimes lead to sensitivities in small breeds, so it's essential to monitor how they respond.

Vitamins

Top commercial dog food brands suitable for small breeds

Vitamins are tailors made for supporting various bodily functions. A well-rounded diet ensures that your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix gets all the essential vitamins. For example, Vitamin E promotes healthy skin, while B vitamins are critical for energy metabolism. Supplementing with fruits and vegetables can provide necessary vitamins naturally. Yet again, too many supplements may introduce harmful effects, so moderation is key.

Minerals

Lastly, we can't overlook the importance of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. These are vital for bone development and maintenance. Small breed dogs are often prone to dental issues, and minerals like calcium can help reinforce strong teeth. Similarly, proper mineral balance can prevent infections and contribute to overall health. Allergies or sensitivities to certain minerals can arise, so knowledge of the specific needs based on activity and health is fundamental.

Common Health Issues

Healthy nutrition can prevent and manage various health issues common to small breeds. Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes are not exempt from these concerns, and understanding them can lead to proactive care.

Obesity

One of the biggest challenges is obesity, which can stem from overeating or feeding poor-quality food. This condition exacerbates other health problems such as diabetes and arthritis. Regularly monitoring portions and choosing high-quality, nutrient-dense foods can mitigate this risk effectively. It's not just about the number on the scale; it's about ensuring a vibrant, active life for your furry friend.

Dental Diseases

Due to their small mouths, dental diseases are prevalent among small breeds. Often, owners might overlook dental health, but poor dental hygiene can lead to severe issues like gum disease. Nutrition plays a critical role here, as crunchy kibble can help reduce plaque build-up. Regular vet check-ups and appropriate dental care must not fall by the wayside.

Patellar Luxation

Lastly, the condition known as patellar luxation can affect many small breeds. It occurs when the kneecap dislocates, causing pain and mobility issues. A proper diet, focusing on joint health and maintaining healthy weight, can minimize the likelihood of developing this problem. Ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin found in top-quality dog foods or supplements can be beneficial.

In short, navigating the nutritional landscape for a Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix requires a measured and informed approach. Recognizing the unique dietary needs unique to small breeds allows pet owners to take actionable steps toward ensuring their beloved pets lead happy, healthy lives.

Commercial Dog Food Options

When it comes to feeding your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix, commercial dog food can provide a convenient and balanced option. Choosing the right dog food is about more than just filling the bowl. With these small breeds, nutritional needs vary widely due to their size, activity level, and many factors influenced by their mixed breed nature. It’s vital to select a brand that not only meets their dietary requirements but also has a good reputation for quality.

One must consider the specific elements in the food, such as protein sources, overall ingredient quality, and any fillers that might be present. A big advantage of commercial food is the convenience it offers; you can easily find options tailored specifically for small breeds. Additionally, reputable brands frequently conduct rigorous testing to ensure their products meet the necessary guidelines for health and safety.

However, it is still essential to dig deeper. Not all brands are created equal, and understanding what to look for in ingredients can mean the difference between a healthy life and one plagued by nutritional deficiencies or, worse, obesity. Let’s take a closer look at evaluating ingredients and what some of the top commercial dog food brands offer.

Evaluating Ingredients

When examining dog food options, ingredients should be the foundation of your decision-making. Start by checking the first five ingredients listed on the product packaging.

High-Quality Proteins: Look for named meat sources, such as chicken or beef, at the top of the list. They should be the primary ingredient, as they provide essential amino acids for muscle maintenance.
Healthy Fats: Fats like omega-3 and omega-6 are critical. They not only supply energy but also support a healthy coat and skin.
Whole Grains and Vegetables: If the food contains grains, they should be whole grains like brown rice or quinoa. Avoid foods with vague names like "meat by-products" as these can be less reliable.
Limited Fillers: Stay away from food high in fillers like corn and soy that provide little nutritional value and may lead to obesity.

A good rule of thumb is to prioritize food that’s made with whole, recognizable ingredients, fostering a healthy diet for your furry friend.

Top Commercial Brands

Brand A

Brand A has carved out a niche in the pet food market. Its standout aspect is the use of human-grade ingredients, making it a prominent choice for many pet owners. Known for its high protein content, it particularly appeals to the active small breed. A notable feature is its grain-free formula, catering to those mutts sensitive to grains. However, the price might be a bit steep, so some pet owners weigh that against the potential health benefits.

Brand B

Brand B is favored for its balanced nutritional profile tailored to small dog breeds. High-quality protein sources like lamb and chicken take center stage here. The unique selling point is the addition of probiotics, aiding digestion, which is crucial for smaller breeds prone to digestive issues. Yet, some pet owners have pointed out the usage of lesser-known filler ingredients, raising some eyebrows regarding long-term health consequences.

Brand

Brand C comes with a reputation for affordability without skimping on quality. Its recipes are well-balanced, featuring a mix of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. While it may not focus exclusively on small breeds, its versatility makes it a popular choice among a wider audience. One significant disadvantage is the lack of specialized formulations that some other brands offer.

Grain-Free vs. Grain-Inclusive

The grain-free diet has gained significant attention in recent years, with many dog owners believing it to be a healthier choice. However, it raises some questions about nutritional completeness for small breeds. Dogs like our Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes may benefit from grains. Many whole grains, like brown rice or oats, provide useful nutrients and fiber, helping with digestion.

While grain-inclusive options might suit some pups perfectly, the grain-free ones could trigger potential issues. Here are some points to consider:

Digestive Health: Fiber from grains can help with bowel movements.
Potential Allergies: Grain-free diets may not be suitable for all dogs and can lead to sensitivities in some cases.
Cardiac Concerns: Certain grain-free diets have been linked to canine dilated cardiomyopathy, raising alarm among veterinarians.

Ultimately, consulting with a vet on what’s best for your furry friend is crucial.

Homemade dog food ingredients for small breeds

Adopting a straightforward approach when it comes to commercial dog food options will not only ensure your Pom-Chi thrives but will also offer peace of mind regarding its health and well-being. In the next sections, we’ll dive into homemade dog food considerations and how they stack up against these commercial choices.

Homemade Dog Food Considerations

When it comes to feeding Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes, the discussion about homemade dog food often comes up. Many pet owners feel a strong connection with their pets, prompting them to think beyond just commercial offerings. Homemade meals can offer a way to customize nutrition, ensuring every bite is something your pup enjoys while meeting their unique dietary needs. It’s about providing personal touch and ensuring high-quality ingredients.

Recipes for Small Breeds

Creating homemade meals for small breeds such as the Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes is quite simple once you get the basics down. Here are a few straightforward ideas to get you started:

Chicken and Veggie Mix: Combine cooked, shredded chicken, chopped carrots, peas, and brown rice. It gives protein along with essential veggies.
Beef Stew: Simmer lean ground beef with sweet potatoes, lentils, and low-sodium beef broth. You’ll get a hearty meal rich in nutrients.
Fish Delight: Bake some salmon or tilapia, and pair it with quinoa and steamed broccoli. Fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids that help maintain shiny coats.

Each recipe can be adjusted according to the dog’s liking and dietary requirements. Always consult a vet to ensure you’re not missing any necessary elements.

Nutritional Balance

Getting the nutritional balance right is essential for keeping your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix healthy. Their small size means they need less food, but the nutritional content must be dense. Key nutrients are:

Proteins: Lean meats, fish, and eggs are great protein sources.
Fats: Healthy fats from fish oil or chicken fat can help keep skin and coat healthy.
Carbohydrates: Whole grains like brown rice and oats are excellent choices that provide energy.
Vitamins and Minerals: Fresh fruits and vegetables can enhance their diet, but be mindful of the types safe for dogs.

Achieving balance can avoid health issues down the line. Always consult with a vet before making major changes.

Potential Risks

Nutritional Deficiencies

One significant aspect of homemade diets is the risk of nutritional deficiencies. If you're not careful about what's going into your dog's food, you run the risk of missing vital nutrients, like calcium or specific vitamins. In the long run, these imbalances can lead to problems like weakened bones or immune responses. That said, it is all about proper formulation. A carefully devised meal plan can make all the difference in ensuring that essential nutrients are included in their daily intake.

Ensuring your dog has everything they need in their diet is not just a good idea; it can prolong their life significantly.

Ingredient Safety

The second part to consider is ingredient safety. Homemade meals give you the advantage of controlling what goes into the bowl, but sourcing safe ingredients is crucial. Not all human foods are safe for dogs, some can even be toxic. Ingredients like chocolate, grapes, or onions should never be in your dog’s food. The bright side? Knowing what you are putting into their meals can provide peace of mind and even help avoid harmful additives often found in commercial food.

When you prepare your own meals, it's easier to be aware of what your pet is truly eating, thus minimizing risks related to food safety.

In summary, while homemade dog food has benefits, one must tread carefully to ensure a healthy, balanced diet for your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix.

Feeding Guidelines for Pomeranian-Chihuahuas

When it comes to nourishing Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes, understanding the feeding guidelines is essential. This topic not only ensures your pet receives the right amount of nutrition, but it also paves the way for a longer, healthier life. These small yet spirited dogs have distinct dietary needs due to their size, energy levels, and unique health considerations. Hence, adhering to proper feeding guidelines can lay down the foundation for optimal growth, wellness, and vitality.

Portion Control

Portion control is a pivotal aspect of feeding guidelines that can’t be overlooked. Given the small stature of Pomeranian-Chihuahuas, overfeeding can lead to quick weight gain. These breeds tend to pack on the pounds faster than you can say ‘treat,’ which can result in serious health issues down the line.

Assessing Ideal Weight: Routinely gauging your dog's weight can help you adjust portion sizes. A good rule of thumb is to consult with your veterinarian to determine their ideal weight range.
Measuring Food: Using measuring cups or a kitchen scale can prevent the free-pouring method, which often ends up in excessive feeding.
Monitor Body Condition: Your dog's ribs should be palpable but not visible. If body fat covers their ribs or if they feel too bony, those can be signs of underfeeding or overfeeding respectively.

Frequency of Feedings

The frequency of feedings is equally significant in maintaining your Pomeranian-Chihuahua's health. Adult dogs typically do well on two meals a day, spaced approximately twelve hours apart. However, puppies may require three to four smaller meals daily.

Puppy Feeding: Puppies need more frequent meals to sustain their rapid growth. If your mix is still in its formative months, feeding about four times a day gives the nutrients they need without overwhelming their tiny stomachs.
Adult Feeding: Once fully grown, transitioning to two meals a day will enhance metabolism and keep their energy levels stable throughout the day.
Time Management: Dogs thrive on a schedule. Keeping feeding times consistent teaches them to expect meals and helps with digestion.

Signs of Undernourishment or Overfeeding

Recognizing the signs of undernourishment or overfeeding can prevent complications and promote a better quality of life. Understanding your dog's body language and condition can offer guidance on their nutritional status.

Signs of Undernourishment:
Signs of Overfeeding:

Weight Loss: If your Pom-Chi mix is losing weight unexpectedly, it may be time to up the ante with their food.
Lethargy: If your pet is lying around more than usual, they could be lacking the necessary nutrients.
Dull Coat: A shiny, healthy coat is the mirror to your dog's inner health. A dull coat can indicate nutritional deficiencies.

Excess Weight: Regularly track their weight; a sudden increase can mean you’re feeding too much.
Difficulty Breathing: Overweight dogs might pant excessively or show signs of distress when active.
Unenthusiastic about Play: Active breeds thrive on play. If your pup is suddenly uninterested, overfeeding might be a factor.

Factors to consider when choosing dog food

"Proper nutrition is not just about great food but also about the right amounts at the right times."

In summary, feeding guidelines tailored to Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes aren't merely suggestions; they are essential elements to their overall health and happiness. Whether it’s about portion control, meal frequency, or recognizing signs of nutritional imbalance, adhering to these guidelines can transform the feeding experience into a rewarding venture for both pet and owner.

Special Dietary Considerations

Choosing the proper nutrition for Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes isn't just about throwing some kibble in a bowl. These little furry pals have particular dietary needs that can change based on various factors like their age, activity level, and any health concerns they might have. Understanding these special dietary considerations can make all the difference in keeping your pet happy and healthy.

Age-Specific Needs

As your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix grows, their dietary requirements evolve too. Puppies, for instance, need a nutrient-dense diet to support their rapid growth and development. Typically, a high-protein kibble is the way to go, helping build strong muscles and bones. If your pup's still teething, softer food options can make eating easier.

On the other hand, adult dogs generally need a balanced diet rich in protein but lower in calories to avoid weight gain. This is particularly crucial for small breeds like these mixes since they can be prone to obesity. When your dog reaches their golden years, you might want to switch to a senior formula. These foods are often lower in calories and rich in fiber, promoting healthy digestion and weight management. Overall, understanding your canine companion’s age-specific needs is key to ensuring they receive the right nutrients at the right time.

Diet for Active vs. Sedentary Dogs

Not all dogs are created equal when it comes to energy levels. An active Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix might be zooming around the house, requiring a diet that's higher in calories and proteins. You'll want to look for foods that provide energy-dense nutrients, which support stamina during playtime.

Conversely, if your furry friend tends to lounge more than leap, you might want to lean towards a low-calorie or weight management food. This is vital to prevent obesity-related health issues. It could help to assess your dog's physical activity week to week to ensure their food aligns with their lifestyle. Adjusting portion sizes can also assist in maintaining an optimal weight.

Food Allergies and Sensitivities

Food allergies and sensitivities can often be a concern for small dog breeds like Pomeranian-Chihuahuas. Common culprits include chicken, beef, dairy, and certain grains. If they show signs like itchy skin, digestive upset, or unusual behavior, it’s time to consider what’s going into their food.

A limited ingredient diet is one way of addressing this issue. It generally contains fewer protein sources and additives, making it easier to identify potential allergens. Also, you might want to consult your veterinarian about hypoallergenic dog foods, which can serve as a good starting point in managing food sensitivities.

Remember: Keeping a food diary for your pup can be quite helpful in spotting trends related to their diet and any adverse reactions they may have.

In summary, keeping a close eye on age-specific needs, energy levels, and potential food allergies ensures that you're not just providing nourishment but also paving the way for a longer, healthier life for your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix.

Consulting with Veterinarians

When it comes to selecting the best nutrition for Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes, consultin with a veterinarian is not just a good idea; it’s a crucial part of the process. These little dogs, with their unique builds and personalities, have specific dietary requirements that can differ significantly from larger breeds. Gaining insight from a vet can help you navigate the labyrinth of dog food options available today, ensuring that your furry companion receives all the nutrients they need for a healthy life.

Importance of Professional Guidance

Veterinarians are more than just pet doctors. They are knowledgeable professionals who understand the complexities of canine nutrition. Each dog, regardless of breed, possesses distinct qualities influenced by genetics, age, activity level, and health concerns.

Tailored Nutrition: A vet can provide tailored recommendations based on your dog's individual needs. This can help identify the right balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, steering clear of generic advice that may not suit your pup.
Monitoring Health: Regular discussions about nutrition can form part of a proactive health plan. If a dog has a specific ailment or allergy, a vet's input can guide owners toward foods that mitigate these issues without neglecting essential nutrients.
Preventing Future Issues: By consulting with an expert, you may prevent potential health problems down the line. For instance, small breeds like the Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix can face dental issues; a vet may recommend certain types of kibble that promote dental health.

Regular Check-ups and Dietary Adjustments

Once you’ve made a decision on your pup’s food, it doesn’t end there. Regular check-ups are necessary to assess your dog’s overall health and nutritional status. Here’s why these appointments are important:

Weight Management: Small dogs can gain weight quickly, leading to obesity and subsequent health problems. Regular visits help track changes in weight and adjust feeding routines as needed.
Nutritional Adjustments: As your Pomeranian-Chihuahua grows or ages, their nutritional needs will shift. A puppy might need a different food than an adult dog. Vets assist in making these necessary changes over time.
Health Screening: During these check-ups, any underlying health issues may be detected early. If a vet finds signs of an illness that could impact diet, you’ll get valuable direction on what adjustments to make.
Behavioral Insights: Sometimes, a dog's behavior can signal dietary needs. If there's lethargy or digestive issues, these might be clues that a dietary change is in order, and your vet can elucidate on this.

Remember: Your veterinarian is your best ally when it comes to making sure your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix is getting a balanced diet that meets their evolving needs.

Ultimately, a good partnership with a veterinarian not only supports immediate health and wellness but also fosters a long, vibrant life for your beloved companion.

The End

When delving into the subject of selecting the best nutrition for your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix, it's not merely an academic exercise but a fundamental aspect of responsible pet ownership. The right nutrition can enhance not just the physical well-being of your furry friend but can also refine their quality of life.

This article shed light on multiple components pivotal to understanding your pet’s dietary needs. From the nutritional demands adapted to small breeds, which ensure a balance of calories and essential nutrients all the way to the differentiation of food types, every decision carries weight. It's like choosing the right toolbox for a DIY project; the wrong tools may not get the job done properly.

Summarizing Key Points

Here’s a quick summary of key insights covered in this article:

Defining Nutritional Needs: The unique traits of Pomeranian-Chihuahua mixes dictate specific dietary considerations.
Caloric and Nutritional Requirements: Understanding these variables is crucial for preventing common health issues like obesity and dental diseases.
Options Available: Whether opting for commercial food or homemade recipes, where ingredient safety and nutritional balance are fundamental, your choice should reflect your dog's individual needs.
Professional Guidance: Regular veterinary consultations can guide dietary adjustments as your pet ages or its lifestyle changes.

Recommendations for pet owners include closely monitoring meal portions and recognizing the signs of proper and improper nutrition. Keeping your furry companion's diet in check is akin to tuning an instrument; it requires attention and fine adjustments to achieve that harmonious balance.

Encouraging Informed Choices

In the end, making informed choices about what to feed your Pomeranian-Chihuahua mix is about more than just filling their bowl; it's about crafting a foundation for a healthy life. Equip yourself with knowledge, be proactive, and take into consideration the expertise of veterinarians, especially regarding dietary allergies, sensitivities, and age-specific needs. Every ingredient counts, and as you make those choices, envision a vibrant and sprightly companion following you on every step of your journey together.

Ultimately, the health and vitality of your pup hinge on the thoughtful selections made today. Foster an environment of health by choosing wisely, and you will undoubtedly find yourself rewarded with the boundless love and joy that these delightful dog mixes offer.

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